System such a diesel electric drive, electric drive etc. It is measured in watthours, such that 1 wh is equal to 3,600 joules. Responsibility for energy conservation in electrical energy lies with the electric department whereas for diesel oil with the mechanical department of indian railways traction energy. A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an onboard prime mover or local fuel supply. Electric traction has many advantages as compared to other nonelectrical systems of traction including steam traction. Study on traction energy consumption and related co2 emissions. Global shipments electric traction motors in evs 2016. The chapter on electric drives and traction covers recent trends in electric traction using gto thyristors technology. Speed restrictions are needed because of transport safety due to railway track. The electric braking of rolling stock is more effective and independent of the external conditions in. The chapter on economics of electric power supply and utilisation is revised in this edition. Pdf energy consumption prediction for electric city buses.
This is the electrical engineering questions and answers section on electric traction with explanation for various interview, competitive examination and entrance test. In the transport sector, measures are focused on planning, infrastructure, modal change, the renewal of vehicles and also programmes for efficient driving. The system which use electrical power for traction system i. Department of energy office of energy efficiency and renewable energy operated by the alliance for sustainable energy, llc nrelbr56048605 july 2010.
Energy output specific energy specific energy consumption. Electric traction objective type questions and answers pdf. Dan ludois principle investigator university of wisconsin madison june 9th, 2015 this presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information. Brushless and permanent magnet free wound field synchronous motors for ev traction prof. Working against gravity while moving up the gradient. Ee6801 question bank eeguc anna university free download. Compressed hydrogen and fuel cells can provide electricity to a vehicle traction. Specific energy consumption of high speed rail as compared. In a steam locomotive electric power is provided through a battery system b diesel engine generator c overhead wire d small turbo generator.
Specific energy consumption becomes a more on steeper gradient b more with high train resistance c less if distance between stops is more d all of the above ans. Electric equipment and energy consumption the daily energy consumption of continuous and long duration low power consumers refrigerator and freezer is often underestimated, while the energy consumption of short time high power consumers electric winches, bow thruster, washing machine, electric cooker is often overestimated. Electric railways use either electric locomotives hauling passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units passenger cars with their own motors. Electric drives and traction interview questions and. Directives issued to zonal railways for future use of only led tube light fittings. It is also sometimes called gravimetric energy density, or just energy density though energy density more precisely means energy per unit volume. National renewable energy laboratory 1617 cole boulevard, golden, colorado 80401 3032753000.
Reduction of energy consumption has become a global concern, and the eu is committed to reducing its overall emissions to at least 20% below 1990 levels by 2020. Theoretical analysis of the effect of traction parameters. During this design phase, special attention was given to energy efficiency, reliability, and fast and easy maintenance standardizing the traction motor flexible mounting the modular induction traction motor range has mounting brackets that can be fitted in a variety of positions so that ve. A section on photometric measurements is added along with study of halogen lamps and energy saving lamps. Maximum horse power of steam locomotive is a 100 b 500 c 1500 d2500.
Energysaving technology for railway traction systems using onboard storage batteries 3 company, hitachi started developing a series hybrid drive system in 2001 that combined a diesel engine and lithiumion batteries with the aim of reducing the fuel consumption and harmful exhaust emissions of. Type of electric drives, choice of motor, starting and running characteristics, speed control, temperature rise, particular applications of electric drives, types of industrial loads, continuous, intermittent and variable loads, load qualization. Oct 20, 20 specific energy consumption of high speed rail as compared to semihsr by mahesh kumar jain on october 20, 20 there is a general belief that the train resistance resulting high specific energy consumption of highspeed train is high as compared to normal speed train. Speed time, distance time and simplified speedtime curves, attractive effort for acceleration and propulsion, effective weight, train resistance, adhesive weight, specific energy output and consumption. Energy consumption in propelling the train is required for. Energy and co2 emissions international union of railways. Theoretical analysis of the effect of traction parameters on. Primary air zinc cell are old technology, such applications as signal lights and navigational aids were widely found. The steam engine drive is the best example of a non electric traction system and it is the first locomotive system used before the invention of actual electric traction systems. Electric tractionii calculations of tractive effort, power, specific energy consumption for given run, effect of varying acceleration and braking retardation, adhesive weight and coefficient of adhesion. Regenerative braking with return of energy to an aerial contact wire in principle makes it possible to reduce the energy consumption for traction needs, but in real conditions the effectiveness of this braking type as a means of reducing the consumption of energy resources is often limited. Utilization of electrical energy notes pdf uee notes pdf book starts with the topics covering type of electric drives, choice of motor.
Ppt electric traction system powerpoint presentation free. Theoretical analysis of the effect of traction parameters on electric vehicle energy consumption and driving range wawrzyniec golebiewski department of automotive engineering, west pomeranian university of technology in szczecin 17 piastow ave. Here you can download utilization of electrical energy pdf notes uee pdf notes latest and old materials with multiple file links to download. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations. China is facing urgent energy security and urban air pollution problems.
Factors such as the low friction wheelrail that allows coasting for. Which of the following is an advantage of electric traction over other methods of traction. In a steam locomotive electric power is provided through a battery system b diesel engine generator c. Aug 04, 2010 reduction of energy consumption has become a global concern, and the eu is committed to reducing its overall emissions to at least 20% below 1990 levels by 2020. In comparison to the main line service, the suburban service is poorer. The significance of the enthalpy to represent the thermodynamic energy of a stationary flow is established by bernoullis theorem pippard, 1966. Electric traction electrical engineering questions and. Introduction overall energy consumption for railways is typical split into traction around 85% and non traction around 15% energy consumption.
Mitsubishi electric corporation has developed a slim traction machine using a jointlapped core concentratedwinding motor, dispensing with the usual elevator machine room. Discuss in detail about series parallel control of electric traction motor with example. The specific energy content of the incoming mass flow, w in, and of the outgoing mass flow, w out, are the sums of potential energy, kinetic energy, and enthalpy. This inevitably resulted in long lead times to accommodate the design, engineering, productspecific supply chain logistics, quality assurance and the cre. Traction energy consumption of electric locomotives and electric multiple units at speed restrictions article pdf available july 2015 with 6,234 reads how we measure reads. Motor technologies for industry and daily life edition. Specific energy consumption of high speed rail as compared to semihsr by mahesh kumar jain on october 20, 20 there is a general belief that the train resistance resulting high specific energy consumption of highspeed train is high as compared to normal speed train. Practicing all electric traction electrical engineering questions and answers in online helps you to improve your ability to attend the real time gate, ies and bsnl jto exams. Ppt electric traction system powerpoint presentation. Energy storage in railways supercapacitors sc, flywheels and supermagnetics energy storage smes are new components that can be used for shortduration energy storage 3,4. This split is a rule of thumb and is valid for most operators and integrated railways but is of course not applicable for infrastructure managers. Specific energy consumption is affected by which of the following factors. In main line service as compared to urban and suburban service a distance between. The track electrification refers to the type of source supply system that is used while powering the electric locomotive systems.
Passenger specific consumption by service type and traction type, 2005. List the advantages and disadvantages of electric traction. Traditionally each traction motor was custom made to fit a specific vehicle. It is used in electric trains, tramcars, trolley buses and diesel electric vehicles etc. Overall efficiency of steam locomotive system is close to a 5 to 10% b 25 to 30% c 55 to 60% d 75 to 80%. Ee6801 electric energy generation utilization and conservation question bank regulation 20 anna university free download. Electric traction electrical engineering questions and answers with explanation are arranged on this page for the sake of students. Specific energy consumption of high speed rail as compared to. Pdf method for optimization of energy consumption of electrical. In terms of calorific value per weight, a battery generates only 1 percent of what fossil fuel produces. The energy consumption of trains is highly efficient due to the low friction between steel wheels and rails, although the efficiency. Specific energy content an overview sciencedirect topics. In main line service as compared to urban and suburban service a distance between the stops is more b maximum speed reached is high. May 11, 20 energy for electric traction is consumed to overcome train resistance, grade and curve resistance, provide acceleration, losses in the locomotive during conversion of electric energy into mechanical energy and delivering at the point of contact and optimal use of auxiliary power in the locomotive for cooling of different equipment.
Energysaving technology for railway traction systems. Utilization of electrical energy pdf notes uee pdf notes unit i electric drives. The theoretical value for the specific energy content is 1050 whkg. Overall energy consumption for railways is typical split into traction around 85% and nontraction around 15% energy consumption. Review of electric vehicle technologies progress and. Electric traction ii calculations of tractive effort, power, specific energy consumption for given run, effect of varying acceleration and braking retardation, adhesive weight and coefficient of adhesion. Review of application of energy storage devices in railway. Non traction energy consumption uic study june 2012 final version izt and macroplan page 7 of 39 2. It is used to quantify, for example, stored heat and other thermodynamic properties of substances such as specific. Define specific energy consumption and discuss the factors which effect the specific. Electric traction free online test for all competitive exams. Study on traction energy consumption and related co2. Brushless and permanent magnet free wound field synchronous. Act of drawing or state of being drawn propulsion of vehicle is called tractions.
Pdf traction energy consumption of electric locomotives and. Electric energy generation utilization and conservation ee6801 question bank pdf free download. Energy density has tables of specific energies of devices and materials specific energy or massic energy is energy per unit mass. The specific energy of hydrogen and fuel cell systems compared to the specific energy of various battery systems. If the train resistance is greater, the specific energy consumption is more. Electric traction 1701 however, the steam locomotive suffers from the following disadvantages. Catenary free operation is a type of operation in which a train with electric traction motor runs on a nonelectrified line using the energy from an energy storage device. Nov 30, 2015 a traction system that doesnt use electrical energy for the movement of vehicle at any stage is referred as nonelectric traction system. Train movement and energy consumption electrical engineering. In the longer term 7 to 10 year period depending on investment in capital stock and signalling technology 15 to 18% increase in energy efficiency in electric traction, and a 10 to 12% increase in diesel traction is possible.
Energyefficient driving patterns in electric railway traction main. Optimization of energy consumption in electric traction system by. Highspeed electric trains are becoming widespread and offer an alternative to shorthaul. For a given run and a give schedule speed, the specific energy consumption is lower and for higher the acceleration and retardation since with a longer coasting period can be obtained and for a smaller period the supply is switched.
This article describes the motor technology responsible for the elevator cars luxurious ride. Specific energy consumption in electric traction answers. Around 85% of rail energy consumption is used for traction energy. Overall, all the plants together are to achieve a 4. Electric traction system 1 electric traction system presented by amit raj roll no. Free running period train runs at constant speed attained at the. Pdf traction energy consumption of electric locomotives. Presentation on energy conservation on indian railways. It is possible to use regenerative braking in electric traction system. Electric traction system requires electric power for propulsion of. It is also sometimes called energy density, though energy density more precisely means energy per unit volume. Dec 24, 2018 regenerative braking with return of energy to an aerial contact wire in principle makes it possible to reduce the energy consumption for traction needs, but in real conditions the effectiveness of this braking type as a means of reducing the consumption of energy resources is often limited.
Traction energy consumption of electric locomotives and electric. There are various systems of traction prevailing in our country such as steam engine drive, electric drive. Nontraction energy consumption uic study june 2012 final version izt and macroplan page 7 of 39 2. Fuel cell and battery electric vehicles compared energy. These trains need storage devices capable of not only providing a high peak power, but also high energy capacity. Locomotives with monometer bogies have a uneven distribution of tractive effect b suitability for passanger as well as freight service c lot of skidding d low coefficient of adhesion ans. Utilization of electrical energy pdf notes uee pdf notes. However, the electric motor is 90 percent efficient while a modern ice comes in at about 25 percent. Factors affecting specific energy consumption distance covered the wider distance among stops is the lower the defined consumption of energy. System of electric traction mechanics of train movement. By electric traction is meant locomotion in which the driving or tractive force is obtained from electric motors. Zincair batteries have been the subject of particular attention.
Factors such as the low friction wheelrail that allows coasting for long. Sep 03, 2014 specific energy consumption is affected by which of the following factors. Introduction overall energy consumption for railways is typical split into traction around 85% and nontraction around 15% energy consumption. Typical prices of 60 and 25 per tonkm for both services. It is used to quantify, for example, stored heat and other thermodynamic properties of substances such as specific internal energy, specific enthalpy, specific gibbs free energy, and.
Energy consumption prediction for electric city buses 2. Electric energy consumption is the form of energy consumption that uses electric energy. Factors affecting specific energy consumption in traction. The traction battery and electric motor technologies were improved distinguished. Department of energy office of energy efficiency and renewable energy operated by the alliance for sustainable energy, llc nrelbr56048605. Modified sqpmethod, energy consumption, electric traction system. The effectiveness of energy exchange processes in traction.